@article{e62ac95bf96745258328707ff0bd04af,
title = "Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions in older and younger people living with HIV: The POPPY study",
abstract = "Background: Polypharmacy (use of ≥ five medications) increases the risk of drug-drug interactions and can lead to negative health outcomes. This study aimed to review the medications of people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-negative controls in the POPPY study and evaluate the frequency of polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs). Methods: PDDIs between non-antiretroviral (ARV) drugs were analysed using the Lexicomp database, and PDDIs between non-ARV and ARV drugs using the Liverpool drug interaction database. Between-group differences were assessed using c2, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: This analysis included 698 PLWH ≥50 years, 374 PLWH <50 years and 304 HIV-negative controls ≥50 years. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 65.8% in older PLWH, 48.1% in younger PLWH and 13.2% in the HIV-negative group. When ARVs were excluded, 29.8% of older PLWH and 14.2% of younger PLWH had polypharmacy. The prevalence of ≥1 PDDI involving non-ARV drugs was 36.1%, 20.3% and 16.4%, respectively, in older PLWH, younger PLWH and HIV-negative controls. In PLWH the prevalence of ≥1 PDDI involving ARV and non-ARV drugs was 57.3% in older PLWH and 32.4% in younger PLWH. Conclusions: Polypharmacy and PDDIs involving non-ARV/ ARV drugs and non-ARV/non-ARV drugs were common among older PLWH, highlighting the need for increased awareness and additional research on all types of PDDI.",
author = "Halloran, {Marie O.} and Catherine Boyle and Emmanouil Bagkeris and Paddy Mallon and Post, {Frank A.} and Jamie Vera and Ian Williams and Jane Anderson and Alan Winston and Memory Sachikonye and Caroline Sabin and Marta Boffito",
note = "Funding Information: PM received funding for Advisory Boards, speaker panels, preparation of educational materials and/or research grants to his institution from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, BMS, MSD, AbbVie and Janssen-Cilag. AW received honoraria or research grants from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, BMS, Merck and Co. and Janssen. CS received funding from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare and Janssen-Cilag for the membership of Data Safety and Monitoring Boards, Advisory Boards, Speaker Panels and for the preparation of educational materials. MB has received travel and research grants from and has been speaker/advisor for Janssen, Roche, ViiV, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead, Mylan, Cipla, Teva. FAP has received research grants from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare, and has been a speaker or advisor for Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, MSD and Janssen. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank all participants in the study. This work is supported by investigator-initiated grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Janssen-Cilag, Merck Sharp and Dohme and ViiV Healthcare. The research is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre based at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London and by a NIHR Senior Investigator Award to CS. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the department of Health. All the POPPY clinical sites in the UK are grateful for NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) support. Further acknowledgements can be found in Additional file 1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 International Medical Press 1359-6535 (print) 2040-2058 (online)",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.3851/IMP3293",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "193--201",
journal = "Antiviral Therapy",
issn = "1359-6535",
publisher = "International Medical Press Ltd",
number = "3",
}
